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Understanding the South African Yield Curve: What the Current Shape Tells Us About Growth and Inflation Expectations

South African government bond yield curve 2025

As of March 2025, the South African government bond yield curve remains steeply upward-sloping — a configuration that has persisted for much of the past decade. This article explains what the curve is signalling about growth, inflation, and monetary policy expectations.

Current Curve Shape (March 2025)

  • R2030 (10-year) ≈ 10.15%
  • R186 (3-year) ≈ 8.45%
  • Spread 10y–3y ≈ 170 bps (near historical wides)

Historical Context & Drivers

Inflation Risk Premium

SA’s history of above-target inflation keeps long-term yields elevated

Fiscal Risk

Higher debt-to-GDP trajectory adds term premium

Foreign Ownership

Non-resident holdings >40% amplify global rate sensitivity

Conclusion

The steep SA yield curve continues to price in elevated long-term inflation and fiscal risk rather than strong growth expectations. A genuine growth-driven steepening would require credible fiscal consolidation and sustained sub-5.5% CPI outcomes.

Educational content only — not investment advice.